- Marubuci, Isiyaku Muhammed
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC News
Ɓullar ƙungiyar ƴanbindiga ta Lakurawa a jihar Sokoto duk da cewa ba sabuwa ba ce ta sa mutane da dama suna nuna damuwarsu kan yadda ƙungiyoyin ƴanbindiga ke yada zango a arewacin Najeriya, da kuma yadda suke samun tasiri wajen samun mambobi daga yankin, lamarin da masana harkokin tsaro suke ganin ba ya rasa nasaba da rashin aikin yi a tsakanin matasa da sauyin yanayi.
A farkon wannan watan na Nuwamba ne aka samu labarin ƴan ƙungiyar ta Lakurawa sun kutsa yankunan jihohin Sokoto da Kebbi, inda har suka kashe wasu mutane.
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa sun taso ne daga ƙasashen Nijar da Mali, kuma a cikinsu akwai ƙabilu daban-daban na yankin Sahel, inda suke wa'azi da suka kamamceceniya da na Boko Haram, musamman ƙin karatun boko da adawa da jami'an tsaron Najeriya.
Kafin Lakurawa, an samu ɓullar wasu ƙungiyoyin na ƴanbindiga a arewacin Najeriya, inda wasu baƙi ne, wasu kuma ƴan yankin ne, inda suke addabar mutane da sace-sace da kashe-kashe da sauran ta'addanci, lamarin da ke jefa yankin cikin zullumi da rashin tabbas.
Fitattun ƙungiyoyin ƴanbindiga da aka yi a arewacin Najeriya
An yi ƙungiyoyin ƴanbindiga da dama a arewacin Najeriya, amma fitattun ciki waɗanda suka fi yin tasiri wajen illata yankin su ne:
- Ƴantatsine: Shugabansu shi ne Muhammad Marwa Maitatsine
- Boko Haram: Shugabansu shi ne Muhammad Yusuf, wanda Shekau ya gada
- ISWAP: Shugabansu shi ne ɗan Muhammad Yusuf Abu Musab al-Barnawi
- Ansaru: Abubakar Kambar (Abu Yasir) da Khalid Barnawi (Abu Ansari)
- Lakurawa: Har yanzu ba a gano shugabancu ba
Me ya sa suke tasiri a arewa?
Kasancewar a kudancin Najeriya ma a kan samu rikice-rikice na ƴanbindiga, sai dai yawanci ba su cika yin tasiri ba, kuma mafi akasarinsu na ƙabilanci ne, ko kuma na rikicin dabanci ba sa daɗewa kamar a arewa.
Wannan ya sa BBC ta tuntuɓi Dr Kabiru Adamu, shugaban kamfanin Beacon Security and Intelligence Limited mai nazari kan harkokin tsaro a Afirka ta Yamma da yankin Sahel, wanda ya bayyana cewa yawanci matsalolin suna da alaƙa ne da ɗumamar yanayi da rashin aikin yi da sauransu.
A cewarsa, "Akwai ɗumamar yanayi da gusowar hamada da ƙafewar tafkin Chadi da sauran tekuna da ke yankin arewacin ƙasar, ga kuma yawaitar dazuzzuka da tsaunuka waɗanda yawanci babu ikon gwamnati a wuraren, wanda hakan ya sa ƴanbindiga ke iya samun damar kafa sansani a wuraren," in ji shi.
Dokta Kabiru ya ƙara da cewa sauyin yanayin ne ya taimaka wajen ta'azzarar matsalar rikicin manoma da makiyaya.
A cewarsa, "Haka kuma akwai matsalolin da suke faruwa na yaƙe-yaƙe a ƙasashen da suke da maƙwabtaka da Najeriya ta arewaci, musamman a ƙasashen Sahel irin su Libya da Mali da ma Sudan waɗanda dukansu sun yi fama da yaƙi. Ka ga a Libya ma an fasa rumbun bindigoginta, aka kwashe su kuma yawancin bindigogin nan Najeriya aka kawo su."
A game da yadda ƙungiyoyin suke yawan alaƙanta kansu da addini kuwa, masanin harkokin tsaron ya ce akwai ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa ko kuma suke ikirarin jihadi irin su Alqaeda da suke da mabiya a yankin, "Misali ƙungiyar Iswap da ke mubaya'a ga ƙungiyar IS. Wannan na faruwa ne kasancewar akwai ƙungiyoyi da dama da suke da alaƙa da manyan ƙungiyoyin na duniya, kuma ɓarauniyar hanyoyi da da ake safarar makamai, kuma jagororin ƙungiyoyin suke tafiye-tafiye ta ciki," in ji shi.
Ya ƙara da cewa lamarin ya zo ne ya dace da yankin, "kasancewar yankin arewa akwai fahimtar addini sosai, shi ya sa suke samun sauƙin amfani da addini."
Ya ce akwai kuma danniya da rashin adalcin gwamnati, musamman a arewa wanda ya haifar da giɓi ga kuma taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki, "wanda ya sa ƴanbindigar suke amfani da kuɗi suna shigar da matasa cikin ƙungiyoyin," in ji shi, sannan ya ƙara da cewa rashin tsarin bibiya da tattara bayanan sirri sun taimaka musamman a karkara.
Game da dalilin da ya sa ba a cika samun irin waɗannan kungiyoyin a kudancin ƙasar ba, Dr Kabiru ya ce duk da cewa suma suna da matsalar sauyin yanayi, musamman gusowar teku da zaizayar ƙasa, "matsalolin ba su yi ƙamari ba kamar a arewa. Sannan yankunan kudu ba su kai arewa talauci ba, sannan kuma suna da jami'an tsaronsu. Ka ga misali akwai Amotekun da ke samar da tsaro a yankin kudu maso yamma da sauran ire-irensu a yankin kudancin ƙasar."
Su wane ne Lakurawa masu iƙirarin jihadi da ke barazana ga tsaron jihar Sokoto?
'Rashin haɗin kan gwamnatoci dama ce ga 'yan bindiga'
Yadda 'yan bindiga ke sanya wa manoma haraji kafin girbi a Zamfara
Me ya kamata a yi?
Ganin yadda waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ake kallon suna samun sauƙin shigowa arewa, da sauƙin samun mafaka, ya sa hankalin mutane na tashi a kan yiwuwar samun wasu ƙungiyoyin a nan gaba.
A game da wannan ne Dr Kabiru ya ce akwai wasu hanyoyi da ya kamata jihohin yankin su bi domin kiyaye aukuwar hakan.
A cewarsa akwai tanade-tanade guda uku da aka yi a ƙasa fuskantar wannan matsala.
Ya ce, "akwai na tsarin hana yaɗuwar ta’addanci wanda ake kira National Counter-Terrorism Strategy (NACTEST), wanda aka tsara hanyoyin da za a amfani da ƙarfi. Akwai na Framework on preventing and countering violent extremism wanda aka yi domin hana yaɗuwar ta’addanci ta hanyoyi ba na ƙarfi ba. Na uku kuma akwai Terrorism Prevention and Prohibition Act.
"Waɗannan tanade-tanaden duk jihar da ke son yaƙi da ta’addanci ba sai ta ƙirƙiri wata sabuwa ba. Kawai ta haɗa kai da gwamnatin tarayya da wasu ƙungiyoyin duniya irin su bankin duniya. Sannan majalisar ƙasa da ta jihohi suna da rawar da za su taka domin tabbatar da ɓangaren zartarwa suna amfani da tanade-tanade."
Ya ce a ƙarƙashin waɗannan tanade-tanaden, akwai abubuwa biyar da ake so a cimmawa waɗanda ya zayyano su:
- Hana ta’addanci
- Kare al’umma daga ta’addanci
- Tabbatar da tsari na bincike da tattara bayanai da tantancewa
- Shirin ɗaukar matakin hana yaɗuwar ta’addanci
- Aiwatar da abubuwan da suke cikin tanada-tanade